The term ‘separation anxiety’ is a blanket term to describe when animals become distressed and exhibit problematic behaviours when separated from their owners. They may not be ‘anxious’, but frustrated, bored, or even fearful at being alone or separated. It is important to attempt to understand why they may be showing unwanted separation related behaviours to successfully manage them. 

It's important to remember that how long your dog can manage on their own will depend on their individual needs. Some dogs are inclined to get very distressed when left, while others can manage better with the time alone. Regardless, as a rule of thumb don't leave your dog alone for more than a few hours at a time. The age of your dog will also come into play when deciding how long to leave them for. Generally, puppies and younger dogs will not manage on their own for as long as older dogs, so make sure you take this into consideration. 

You'll need to put in a little training if your dog is going to manage on their own. Just like being trained to sit or stay, you'll need to help your dog learn that being on their own is fine, and you will return. 

Start by leaving your dog alone for a short amount of time, and gradually build it up. You might find that providing them with a distraction helps - such as their favourite toy or a food-based game. Some dogs might not take very well to being left, so it's essential you build up their tolerance slowly. 

Once you've got your dog used to being alone, you can start to think about leaving them for a few hours at a time. Make sure your dog is comfortable before you leave the house. If your dog's not coping particularly well, you might notice them becoming distressed and even fearful as they notice the signs you're about to leave them. 

Upon your return, while it's great when your dog is pleased to see you, if they're particularly clingy and excited that you're home it might be a sign that they're not coping well with being left. If you suspect this, it may be useful to purchase pet cameras to check in on your dog when they're alone. This way you can identify their behaviour, and begin training as necessary. You can always contact your vet for more advice and information on separation anxiety. 

It may be worth investing in a dog crate to help minimise their stress while left alone.  These can provide a safe space for them that they can call their own which might help them feel more secure when you're not around. You can make it feel super cosy and den-like for them. If you are doing this, ensure you crate train them properly.  

Think about leaving the TV or radio on when you go out, as the sounds may help to keep your dog occupied and calm when they’re alone. You could even leave on calming playlists designed for pets.  

• Changing behaviour – do they spot you getting ready to go out? For instance, they may begin panting, pacing, whining or waiting by the front door, or following you around closely when they see you picking up your keys or putting on your shoes 
• Barking or howling – can you hear them when you leave the house or arrive back? Perhaps your neighbours might let you know that they can hear your dog when you’re out 
• Unexpected toileting accidents – even though your dog was fully housetrained previously to this, do you come home to ‘accidents’? Sometimes, this even includes being sick 
• Destructive behaviour – particularly towards their bed, your furniture, home or belongings. They may scratch or chew at doors and windows, as though they’ve tried to escape 
• Injured paws or gums - if your dog spends time in a crate when you aren’t home, you might find that they’ve pawed or chewed at the bars and injured themselves. If they are anxious, they may have drooled and got their fur or bed very wet 

It can be challenging to establish whether a dog is feeling bored or whether anxiety is the problem, without witnessing how your dog reacts when they’re left. When vets and behavioural counsellors investigate cases of separation-related behaviour, they’ll often set up a pet camera to see what’s happening. Whatever the underlying reason, of course, none of us want our pets to feel so strongly about being left that they destroy things or hurt themselves. 

The duration of separation anxiety in dogs can vary widely depending on the individual dog and the severity of the anxiety. In some cases, it may be a temporary issue that improves with training and environmental adjustments, while in other cases, it may persist for an extended period or even lifelong if not addressed.  

Addressing and managing separation anxiety in dogs often requires a combination of training, behaviour modification, and environmental changes. Here are some strategies you can try to help alleviate separation anxiety in your dog: 

• Gradual desensitisation - start by leaving your dog alone for short periods and gradually increase the time as they become more comfortable. Avoid making a big fuss when you leave or return. Stay calm and low-key to reduce the emotional intensity of departures and arrivals 
• Create a safe space - provide a comfortable and secure space for your dog when you're away. This can be a designated area with their bed, toys, and familiar items. Consider using a crate if your dog is crate-trained, as it can provide a sense of security 
• Interactive toys and treats - offer engaging toys or puzzle feeders filled with treats to keep your dog occupied while you're away. This can help shift their focus from your departure to an enjoyable activity 
• Establish a routine - dogs often thrive on routine, so try to establish a consistent daily schedule for feeding, walks, and playtime. Predictability can help reduce anxiety by providing a sense of security 
• Obedience training - basic obedience training can help build your dog's confidence and strengthen your bond. Teach commands like "sit," "stay," and "down" to create a sense of structure and control 
• Calming pheromones - consider using pheromone diffusers or collars, which release calming chemicals that mimic the natural scent produced by a mother dog. These may help soothe anxious dogs 
• Seek professional help - if the separation anxiety is severe or persistent, consider seeking the help of a professional dog trainer or behaviourist. They can assess your dog's specific needs and provide a tailored training plan 
• Medication - in severe cases, medication prescribed by a Vet may be considered. This is typically used in conjunction with behaviour modification strategies 

Remember that it's crucial to be patient and consistent in your efforts. It may take time for your dog to adjust, and progress may be gradual. If you're uncertain about how to address your dog's separation anxiety, consulting with a Vet or a professional dog behaviourist is recommended. 

Determining whether your dog needs medication for separation anxiety is a decision that should be made in consultation with a Vet. Medication is generally considered when separation anxiety is severe and significantly impairs the dog's well-being. It should be noted medication will not ‘cure’ separation anxiety but may help manage emotions and may help your dog with behavioural modification training. 

Any dog, regardless of breed, can experience separation anxiety. Individual temperament, early socialisation, and training also play significant roles in a dog's likelihood to develop separation anxiety. 

Proper training, socialisation, and meeting a dog's physical and mental needs can help prevent or mitigate separation anxiety, regardless of breed. If you are considering getting a dog and are concerned about the potential for separation anxiety, it's crucial to research and understand the specific needs and characteristics of the breed, as well as to provide proper training and socialisation from an early age. 

Yes, vets can play a crucial role in helping with dog separation anxiety. While vets are not behaviourists, they can assess your dog's overall health, rule out any underlying medical conditions that may contribute to behavioural issues, and provide guidance on managing separation anxiety. 

Vets can refer you to certified dog behaviourists or trainers with expertise in dealing with separation anxiety. These professionals can work with you to develop a customized behaviour modification plan for your dog. 

It's important to communicate openly with your vet about your dog's behaviour and any concerns you have regarding separation anxiety. Remember that patience and consistency are key when working to manage separation anxiety, and it may take time to see significant improvement.